Anthrax Fast Facts | CNN

Anthrax Fast Facts: Everything You Need to Know About This Deadly Disease

Anthrax is a disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It is a rare and deadly disease that can infect both humans and animals. Anthrax is considered a potential bioterrorism agent due to its ability to be easily spread and cause severe infections. In this article, we’ll explore some of the most important facts about anthrax, including its history, symptoms, prevention, and treatment.

The History of Anthrax

Anthrax has been known to humans for thousands of years, with historical accounts of the disease dating back to ancient Egypt and Greece. It has also been documented in livestock since the early days of agriculture. In the late 1800s, the discovery of the bacterium responsible for anthrax led to the development of vaccines that have greatly reduced the incidence of the disease in animals. However, anthrax still poses a threat to humans, especially in parts of the world where vaccination rates are low or bioterrorism is a concern.

Symptoms of Anthrax

The symptoms of anthrax vary depending on the type of infection. There are three types of anthrax infection: cutaneous (skin), inhalational (lung), and gastrointestinal (digestive system). Cutaneous anthrax is the most common form and typically starts as a small blister that eventually turns into a painless ulcer with a black center. Inhalational anthrax is much more serious and can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing within a few days of exposure. Gastrointestinal anthrax can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Treatment of Anthrax

Anthrax requires immediate treatment with antibiotics and supportive care. Antibiotics can help kill the bacteria and prevent the infection from spreading, while measures such as oxygen therapy and fluids can help combat the symptoms of the disease. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary and intensive care may be required for those with inhalational anthrax.

Prevention of Anthrax

There are several methods for preventing anthrax, including vaccination and avoiding exposure to infected animals or contaminated materials. The anthrax vaccine is recommended for people who work with animals or in jobs that put them at risk of exposure to the bacteria, such as postal workers and military personnel. It is also recommended for people traveling to areas where anthrax is more common. Other precautions include wearing gloves, mask, and eye protection when working with animals or their products, especially if they’re from countries with high risk of anthrax. Additionally, travelers should avoid contact with dead animals, as this is the main way people become infected with anthrax in some regions.

Anthrax and Bioterrorism

Anthrax has been used as a bioterrorism agent in the past, most notably in the United States in 2001. Letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news organizations and two US senators, resulting in 22 cases of anthrax infection and five deaths. The incident highlighted the potential threat posed by biological weapons and spurred increased efforts to develop effective treatments and vaccines for anthrax.

The Takeaway

Anthrax is a rare and deadly disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can infect both humans and animals, and is considered a potential bioterrorism agent due to its ability to be easily spread and cause severe infections. Symptoms vary depending on the type of infection and treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care. Preventative measures include vaccination and avoidance of exposure to infected animals or contaminated materials. While anthrax is a serious disease, increased awareness and prevention efforts can help reduce the risk of infection in both humans and animals.